Public Health and Safety: HPV

By Shiraz Anjum

HPV is a prevalent sexually transmitted infection that can affect both men and women. It is estimated that 75% of sexually active people will contract at least one HPV infection in their lifetime.

This article will explain what HPV is, how it is transmitted, and what its effects are.

What is HPV?

HPV can infect the body's skin and mucous membranes. There are over a hundred distinct types of HPV, which are divided into two categories: low-risk and high-risk. Low-risk HPV types can cause warts on the hands, feet, or genitalia, whereas high-risk types are linked to the development of cancer, specifically cervical cancer in women.

How does HPV spread?

Sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex, is the primary means by which HPV is transmitted. The risk of HPV transmission can be reduced with the use of condoms, but they are not 100 percent effective. Even if no visible symptoms are present, the virus can be transmitted through skin-to-skin contact with infected body parts.

What are the consequences of HPV?

The majority of HPV infections are symptomless and resolve on their own within one to two years. Nonetheless, some infections can persist and cause health issues. In women, persistent HPV infections can lead to the development of abnormal cells on the cervix, which, if left untreated, can result in cervical cancer. HPV can cause genital warts and anus, penis, and throat cancer in men.

Prevention and Treatment:

The most effective way to prevent HPV infection is to use condoms and limit the number of sexual partners. Vaccines are also available that can protect against the most common high-risk HPV types, and the Canadian government offers a free HPV vaccine programme for youth under the age of 26. If you are diagnosed with an HPV infection, there are treatment options available to manage the symptoms and reduce the risk of complications. Women with abnormal cervical cells may be advised to undergo a colposcopy to examine the cervix and, if necessary, obtain a biopsy. Treatment options for genital warts in men include topical creams, cryotherapy, and surgical removal.

HPV is a common sexually transmitted infection that, if left untreated, can have severe consequences. Regular cervical cancer screening for women can detect abnormal cells before they become cancerous. Practicing safe sexual behaviour and getting vaccinated can reduce the risk of HPV infection. If you have any questions or concerns about your sexual health or HPV, consult your doctor. You can also visit the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

website https://www.cdc.gov/std/hpv/stdfact-hpv.htm for more information on HPV.

Keep in mind that knowledge and prevention are the keys to maintaining your health.