Public Health and Safety: West Nile Virus
By Shiraz Anjum
West Nile virus (WNV) is was first identified in West Nile, Uganda, in 1937 but has spread to many parts of the world. The first confirmed case in Canada was in 2002. Reservoirs of viruses are birds (crows, ravens).
A specific type of mosquito belonging to the Culex species is the carrier of the virus. The virus is transmitted through an infected mosquito, which becomes infected by biting a bird that is carrying the virus. Infected mosquito bites the human. There is no direct human-to-human transmission of this disease. But it may spread via blood transfusion, from mother to baby.
In conclusion, WNV is a virus that is spread through the bite of an infected mosquito and can cause mild to severe symptoms. There is no specific treatment for WNV, but individuals with mild symptoms can often recover on their own. In severe cases, hospitalization is required for supportive care. For more information, please visit: https://www.cdc.gov/westnile/index.html
Who is at risk?
People of all ages can become infected with the West Nile virus. The risk of severe illness increases with age and is greater for people with chronic diseases or weakened immune systems. Being outside means you are at risk. The more time
How can I protect myself from WNV fever?
Wear loose-fitting long pants and long-sleeved shirts when outdoors. Avoid outdoor activity at dusk and dawn during mosquito season (May to October). Use approved mosquito repellents and follow the manufacturer's instructions for use. Avoid stagnant water inside and around your home. Use mosquito nets while sleeping. Discard the water in bird baths weekly. Trim grasses regularly. Ensure all septic tanks are completely covered. Do not overwater lawns and repair any plumbing leaks.
What are the symptoms of WNV?
70-80% of people are asymptomatic.
About 20% of people develop a mild infection called West Nile fever.
Incubation period is 2-14 days.
Common symptoms: high fever, headache, neck stiffness, muscle ache, and body aches.
Severe symptoms: inflammation of the brain, meningitis, coma, tremor, convulsion and even paralysis.
